CNC machine tools, as an important cornerstone of modern manufacturing, greatly improve machining accuracy and productivity by precisely controlling the machine’s movements and machining processes through computer programs. Here are five common types of CNC machine tools:
1.1 Controlled lathe
Characteristics: Mainly used for processing rotary body parts, such as shafts, disks, etc..
Classification: including CNC vertical lathe, CNC horizontal lathe and so on.
1.2 CNC milling machine
Features: capable of processing plane, curve, hole and other complex shape parts.
Classification: including CNC vertical milling, CNC horizontal milling, gantry milling machine and so on.
1.3 CNC drilling machine
Characteristics: Specially used for processing hole parts, such as drilling, reaming, reaming and so on.
Classification: including CNC drilling machine, deep hole drilling machine, drilling center and so on.
1.4 CNC Boring Machine
Features: mainly used for processing precision hole parts, such as large parts of the deep hole processing.
Classification: including CNC boring machine, coordinate boring machine and so on.
1.5 machining center
Features: multi-functional CNC machine tools, capable of completing milling, boring, drilling, tapping and other processing tasks.
Classification: including vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers and so on.
2.Technical process
CNC machine tools use advanced digital control technology, through the computer program to accurately control the various moving parts of the machine tool, to achieve precision machining of the workpiece. Its technical process mainly includes the following aspects:
CNC programming: use CAD/CAM software for three-dimensional modeling of the workpiece and machining path planning to generate CNC programs.
Servo drive: precise control of the moving parts of the machine tool through servo motors and transmission mechanisms.
Position detection: using photoelectric encoder, scale and other position detection devices, real-time monitoring of the movement position of the machine tool.
Machining control: according to the CNC program, control the various moving parts of the machine tool to carry out machining according to the predetermined trajectory and speed.
3. Application fields
CNC machine tools are widely used in various manufacturing fields, including but not limited to:
Mechanical manufacturing: used to process a variety of shafts, disks, shells and other parts.
Aerospace: for processing high-precision aircraft engine blades, aircraft structural components.
Automobile manufacturing: for processing engine block, cylinder head, crankshaft, connecting rod and other key components.
Mold manufacturing: used for processing plastic molds, die-casting molds, stamping molds and other complex shapes of the mold.
4. Processing products and materials
CNC machine tools are capable of processing a variety of materials and products, including but not limited to:
Processing materials: metals (such as aluminum, steel, copper, titanium, etc.), plastics, wood, composite materials, etc.
Processed products: metal parts such as gears, bearings, cams, etc.; plastic parts such as housings, brackets, etc.; wood products such as furniture, doors, windows, etc.; electronic components such as circuit boards, chassis, etc.; as well as a variety of molds and complex shapes of workpieces.
5. Equipment Advantages
CNC machine tools have the following significant advantages over traditional machine tools:
High precision: capable of realizing micron-level machining precision, ensuring the consistency of each workpiece.
High efficiency: capable of continuous automatic operation, greatly improving productivity, reducing auxiliary time and the manufacturing cycle of fixtures and fittings.
High flexibility: able to quickly adjust the machining parameters and programs to adapt to different batches and varieties of production needs.
Multi-function: one machine tool can complete a variety of machining tasks, reducing equipment investment costs.
Easy to maintain: modular design, easy to repair and maintenance, reduce maintenance costs.
In summary, CNC machine tools with its high precision, high efficiency, high flexibility and multi-functionality and other characteristics, in the modern manufacturing industry plays an increasingly important role. With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous expansion of applications, CNC machine tools will continue to promote the manufacturing industry to more intelligent, automated and efficient direction.
