Machine tools are important equipment used in manufacturing to process materials such as metals, plastics, and wood. Machine tools can be categorized into a variety of types based on their processing methods, uses, and structural features. Although different classifications may cover different types of machine tools, the following 7 types are widely recognized and accepted as the basic types of machine tools.
1.Lathe
Lathe is mainly used for processing various rotary surfaces and end faces of rotating bodies, such as turning internal and external cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, ring grooves and shaped rotary surfaces, as well as turning end faces and various commonly used threads. Equipped with technology equipment, the lathe can also process a variety of special-shaped surface. In addition, the lathe can also be drilling, reaming, reaming, knurling and other work. Lathe is suitable for single-piece, small batch production, as well as mass production of certain processes.
2.drilling machine
Drilling machines are mainly used for drilling operations and can process holes in various materials. According to the processing needs, drilling machine can be divided into ordinary drilling machine, CNC drilling machine, deep hole drilling machine and so on. Drilling machine is usually equipped with a variety of fixtures and accessories to adapt to the processing of different diameters and depths of the hole.
3.boring machine
Boring machine is mainly used for processing larger size holes and high-precision hole system. Boring machine spindle box end of the design of a flat rotary disk radial tool holder, can accurately bore the size of the larger holes and planes. In addition, the boring machine can also be drilled, reamed and threaded. Boring machine is suitable for machining shop for single piece or small batch production of parts for plane milling and hole system processing.
4.grinding machine
Grinding machine is mainly used for parts finishing, through the abrasive abrasive (such as grinding wheels, abrasive belts, oil stone, etc.) on the surface of the workpiece for cutting processing. Grinding machine can process a variety of surfaces, such as internal and external cylindrical and conical surfaces, flat surfaces, gear gallery surfaces, spiral surfaces and various molding surfaces. Grinding machines can also sharpen tools and make cut-offs. Because of the grinding process is simple to get high machining accuracy and good surface quality, so the grinder is mainly used in the parts of the finishing process, especially hardened steel parts and high hardness of special materials finishing.
5.milling machine
Milling machine is mainly used for processing plane (horizontal, vertical), groove (keyway, T-shaped groove, dovetail groove, etc.), gear parts (gears, spline shafts, sprockets, etc.), helical surfaces (threads, helical grooves) and a variety of curved surfaces. When the milling machine works, the workpiece is mounted on the table or indexing head and other accessories, the milling cutter rotates as the main movement, supplemented by the table or milling head feed movement, the workpiece can obtain the required machining surface. Milling machine is suitable for single piece, small batch production and repair work.
6.planer
Planer is mainly used for processing a variety of flat surfaces (such as horizontal, vertical and oblique surfaces and a variety of grooves, such as T-slots, dovetail grooves, V-grooves, etc.) and linear molding surface. If equipped with profiling device, planer can also process space curved surfaces, such as turbine impeller, spiral groove and so on. The structure of the planer is relatively simple, the return trip does not cut, so the productivity is low, generally used for single-piece small batch production.
7.gear processing machine tools
Gear processing machine tools are specially used for processing all kinds of gears, including straight teeth, helical teeth and herringbone teeth of cylindrical gears, straight teeth and arc teeth of bevel gears, worm gears and non-round gears. Gear processing machine tools according to the different types of gear processing, can be divided into hobbing machine, gear shaping machine, gear grinding machine and so on.
Summary
The seven types of machine tools mentioned above cover a wide range of processing methods and applications that are commonly used in the manufacturing industry. Different types of machine tools differ in structure, machining accuracy and productivity, and are suitable for different machining needs and production scales. Understanding the basic types and characteristics of these machine tools will help you choose the right machine tool to improve productivity and product quality. Meanwhile, with the development of technology, the types and performance of machine tools are constantly updated and improved to meet the needs of modern manufacturing.
